M-pox Virus: Transmission, Symptoms, and Prevention In Kenya

 M-pox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral zoonotic disease caused by the M-pox virus. It is related to the smallpox virus but is generally less severe. While it was initially found in Central and West Africa, M-pox has emerged in other regions in recent years, raising global concerns.

Transmission

M-pox spreads through close contact with an infected person, animal, or contaminated materials. The virus can enter the body through broken skin, the respiratory tract, or mucous membranes (eyes, nose, mouth). Human-to-human transmission primarily occurs through prolonged close contact with respiratory droplets, bodily fluids, or direct contact with lesions or scabs. The virus can also be spread by touching items like bedding, clothing, or towels that have been in contact with an infected individual. While rare, M-pox can be transmitted from animals to humans through bites, scratches, or the handling of infected animal meat.

Symptoms

The symptoms of M-pox resemble those of smallpox but are generally milder. The incubation period typically ranges from 5 to 21 days. The early signs of infection include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills, and exhaustion. After a few days, a distinctive rash develops, often starting on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body, including the hands, feet, and genitals. The rash progresses through different stages—macules, papules, vesicles, pustules, and eventually scabs—before healing over several weeks. These lesions can be painful or itchy. In some cases, individuals may experience respiratory symptoms such as a sore throat or cough. Severe cases may lead to complications like secondary infections, sepsis, or pneumonia, though these are rare.

Prevention

To avoid contracting M-pox, it is essential to minimize close contact with infected individuals and animals. Here are some prevention strategies:

• Avoid direct contact with anyone showing symptoms of M-pox or handling items that have been contaminated.
• Practice good hygiene, such as regular handwashing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers.
• Wear protective gear like gloves and masks when caring for infected people.
• Isolate infected individuals to prevent the spread within households or communities.
• Get vaccinated, as vaccines originally developed for smallpox provide some protection against M-pox.

In summary, avoiding contact with infected individuals and practicing good hygiene are key in preventing M-pox transmission.